Off Blockchain Transactions—transfer of value whereby it happens outside of the blockchain for reduced fees and quicker transaction time.

Open Source—software online for anyone to view and submit improvements.

Opsec—Operations Security referring to how well assets are protected.

Orphan—an unverified block so not part of the original blockchain.

Oracle—the transmission of reliable information by an entity so as a smart contract can be executed.

OTC Exchange—Over the Counter Exchange (Off-Exchange Trading) trading between two parties instead of using a centralized exchange.

Ouroboros—Cardano’s Proof-of-stake algorithm. It is used to randomly pick the next node to produce a block in. Ouroboros divides physical time into epochs, and then slots. Slot leaders have the sole right to produce one block and are chosen from the group of stakeholders.

Outgoing Connection—an initiator of communications on a cryptocurrency or Bitcoin network.

Output—addresses whereby receive coins in a transaction.

P2P—Peer-to-Peer—networks where individuals connect to each other or interact directly instead of having centralized authority.

Paper Wallet—a paper containing a public key, private key and corresponding QR codes.

Parent Chain—a main blockchain that connects to sub chains.

Passphrase—a combination of words or phrases.

Peer—a person running a full node and another is running a full node.

Peercoin—cryptocurrency which uses PoS and PoW when using consensus whereby security is increased.

Peer-to-Peer—networks where individuals connect to each other or interact directly instead of having centralized authority.

Permissioned System—private and closed system where not anyone can join the network freely.

Permissionless—a public blockchain where anyone can generate an address and transact BTC.

Phishing (Attack)—scoundrels attempting to secure personal information such as passwords and social security numbers so as to steal profile and or monies.

Plasma—a scalability solution for Ethereum which allows increased transactions per second by introducing additional blockchains to the main Ethereum blockchain.

Ponzi Scheme—where one collects money from investors whereby they expect quick profits which attracts more investors; whereby the first investors are paid with the new investors payment and continues until no more new investors are interested in investing and the company or group collapses leaving the last investors losing their money.

Premine—a portion of the total supply of cryptocurrency reserved for its founders.

Pre-Sale—offerings of tokens to interested investors usually at a cheaper price than the coin’s ICO price. Mostly used as a marketing gimmick.

Price Bubble—asset’s market value of an item are higher than its worth creating an imminent drop in price.

Privacy—the right to have your personal life free from any type of surveillance.

Privacy Coin—a cryptocurrency that maintains private transactions between users.

Private Key—alphanumeric addresses used to spend cryptocurrencies and Bitcoin.

Proof of Burn—consensus for verifying a blockchain where miners send coins to an unspendable address

Proof of Existence—storing information which cannot be changed or deleted.

Proof of Importance—consensus algorithm similar to PoS Nodes currency to participate in the creation of blocks.

Proof of Provenance—(PoP)—consensus use to track movements of physical assets, identify ownership and ensure security. (By DigixDAO)

Proof of Stake—(PoS)—minting new coins by allowing users to stake their coins and receive more coins for a reward. (Alternative to Proof of Work.)

Proof of Work—consensus algorithm by Bitcoin where miners are required to compete against each other to add new blocks and earn rewards.

Provably Fair—outputs of an algorithm that can be examined an verified (gambling with cryptocurrencies term.)

Pseudonymous—unique identifier that is different from the real name.

Public Key—an alphanumeric address that is shared and known by the public in order to receive cryptocurrency.

Pump—extreme rise in cryptocurrency or Bitcoin price.

Pump and Dump—price of cryptocurrency shoots up and quickly crashes. Can be manipulated by groups or individuals.